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Otto Maria Carpeaux (March 9, 1900 – February 3, 1978), born Otto Karpfen, was a Brazilian literary critic and multilingual scholar.〔Menezes, Raimundo de. ''Dicionário Literário Brasileiro''. Rio de Janeiro: LTC, 1978.〕 ==Career overview== Carpeaux was born in 1900 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, to a Jewish family, and lived there until 1939. In the University of Vienna he studied exact sciences and received his PhD in chemistry〔Ventura, Mauro Souza. ("Juventude Comum, Trajetórias Opostas," ) ''Observatório da Imprensa'', No. 670, November 2011.〕 with a work concerning the brain, and possibly also a degree in physics. Later he studied sociology and philosophy in Paris, comparative literature in Naples, politics in Berlin and, supposedly, mathematics in Leipzig. At some point in his life, Karpfen converted to Roman Catholicism, adding the ''Maria'' to his name and using ''Fidelis'' as his surname for some time. This conversion was evident in his political books (such as ''Wege Nach Rom'') and his thinking, and led to his participation in the right-wing government of Engelbert Dollfuss.〔Carvalho, Olavo de. ("Introdução," ) ''Ensaios Reunidos, 1942-1978,'' (Vol.1). Rio de Janeiro: UniverCidade Editora, 2005.〕 When the Anschluss occurred and the Nazis took over Vienna, Karpfen went to Belgium.〔Kestler, Izabela Maria Furtado. ''Exílio e Literatura: Escritores de Fala Alemã durante a Época do Nazismo'', EdUSP, 2003.〕 He stayed there for about a year and then went to Brazil,〔Miguel, Salim. "Carpeaux Revisitado," ''Diário Catarinense'', 20 de Maio de 2006.〕 where he changed his last name to Carpeaux.〔Brunn, Albert von. ("Uma Fuga Kafkiana da Europa," ) ''Rascunho'', n.d.〕 At first, he was given a simple rural job, but eventually, through newspapers, he became an established literary critic, introducing writers such as Franz Kafka and Robert Musil to Brazilian audiences, along with the literary criticism of Wilhelm Dilthey, Benedetto Croce, Walter Benjamin and others. Perhaps the peak of Carpeaux's production was his eight-volume ''História da Literatura Ocidental'' (''History of Western Literature''),〔Muggiati, Roberto. ("Carpe Carpeaux!," ) ''Gazeta do Povo'', Janeiro de 2012.〕 unfortunately available only in Portuguese, in spite of being in public domain. Late critic José Lino Grünewald labelled it one of the brightest moments of the language in prose, despite the fact that Carpeaux was not a native speaker. It is also unique in that it focuses on creating links between all periods, in order to create an organic vision of the literary history he is telling. The book also include more than 8,000 brief criticisms and expositions of the majority of the figures discussed along the way, minus the ones cited in passing; all are dealt with in their original languages, both in expositions and quotations and in the bibliography offered. The total bibliographical amount of cited works is on the merge of 30,000 books or more. Never abandoning his abomination to militarship and tyranny Carpeaux opposed to the Brazilian Military Regime and abandoned his literary writings by 1968, although he participated in an encyclopedia called ''Mirador''. Nevertheless, he continued a right-wing thinker. He died of a heart attack in 1978. Recently, his essays have been compiled by Brazilian philosopher Olavo de Carvalho,〔Guimarães, J. C. ("O Destino de Otto Maria Carpeaux," ) ''Revista Bula'', Dezembro de 2008.〕 with an added introduction. Critic Mauro Souza Ventura released ''De Karpfen a Carpeaux'', a study in the life and work of Carpeaux. Carpeaux's other works include a dense history of German literature, several books of literary criticism, a popular history of Western music and various political writings. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Otto Maria Carpeaux」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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